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Diagnostic endoscopy of the urinary tract of the horse

ENDOSCOPY of the equine urinary tract is usually performed as part of the diagnostic evaluation of horses with clinical signs suggestive of a urinary tract disorder, the most common being weight loss and abnormal urination. Other presenting signs include pyrexia, anorexia, depression, ventral oedema, oral ulceration, excessive dental tartar, colic and bloodstaining of the perineum or hindlimbs. Endoscopy should be combined with a thorough history, full physical examination, rectal palpation, haematology, biochemistry, urinalysis and ultrasonography of the bladder and kidneys in order to obtain a definitive diagnosis. This article describes the procedures involved in endoscopic examination of the urinary tract of the horse, and highlights some of the abnormalities that may be seen.

Nicola Menzies-Gow graduated from Cambridge in 1997, and spent three years in a first-opinion equine practice in Essex before becoming a senior clinical training scholar at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC). She is currently a lecturer in equine medicine at the RVC, and has a PhD in equine laminitis.